Concept: open

The open function is used to open a file and returns a file object. The file object can then be used to read from or write to the file, depending on the mode specified when opening the file.

file_handle = open(file, mode="r", encoding=None)

The file parameter is either an absolute path or a path relative to the working directory (the directory from which the script is executed, not the directory where the script is located).

The mode parameter is one of the following strings:

Parameter	Description
'r'	Open for reading (default).
'w'	Open for writing, truncating the file first (any existing content is overwritten).
'x'	Open for exclusive creation, failing if the file already exists.
'a'	Open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it exists.
'r+'	Open for reading and writing.

The encoding parameter specifies the encoding to use when reading or writing the file. If not specified, the default encoding is used, which is platform-dependent (e.g., UTF-8 on most modern systems). A full list of supported encodings can be found in the Python documentation.